A Comparative Analysis of the Ruling on Complicity with Hostile States in Aggression Against Lands and Lives: In Light of International Humanitarian Law and the Views of Imami and Sunni Jurists

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Islamic Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The issue of “complicity and cooperation with hostile states during aggression against territories and human lives” is among the most challenging areas at the intersection of Islamic jurisprudence and public international law. Adopting an analytical and comparative approach, the present study seeks to explore the legal and jurisprudential foundations governing this issue. In this regard, authentic Islamic sources—including Quranic verses, narrations, and the views of early and contemporary Imami and Sunni jurists—are examined alongside fundamental instruments of international law and international humanitarian law. The findings of the research indicate that supporting and cooperating with an aggressor state—encompassing military, intelligence, and logistical assistance—is strictly prohibited under both legal systems. In Islamic jurisprudence, this prohibition is built upon solid foundations such as the rules of “the prohibition of aiding in sin and aggression” (I’anat al-Ithm wal-Udwan), “the negation of dominion” (Nafi al-Sabil), “the prohibition of alliance with belligerent disbelievers” (Muwalat al-Kuffar al-Harbiyyin), and “the obligation to preserve human lives” (Hifz al-Dima’). In parallel, international law, invoking the principle of “the prohibition of the use of force,” “fundamental rules of international humanitarian law,” and the obligations outlined in the law of state responsibility, the Geneva Conventions, and the Rome Statute, deems this form of complicity unlawful, generating both international and criminal liability. The final conclusion demonstrates that although the approaches and, at times, terminology differ between the two legal systems, the fundamental principle prohibiting aid to aggressors and the violation of human rights remains a shared and emphasized stance, even though specific instances and details require further alignment and precision.

Keywords

References

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